- LLM (Large Language Model)
- A type of AI trained on vast text data to understand and generate human language; the core technology behind Claude, ChatGPT, and similar tools.
- Hallucination
- When an AI model confidently generates false or fabricated information, such as inventing a legal citation that does not exist.
- Air-gapped hardware
- A computer system physically isolated from the internet and other networks, requiring physical media (like a hard drive) to transfer data — used by governments for security.
- Open weights
- A publicly released form of an AI model where the underlying numerical parameters are shared, allowing others to run, modify, or fine-tune the model locally.
- Inference
- The process of running a trained AI model to generate responses for real user queries, as opposed to training or updating the model itself.
- Acqui-hire
- An acquisition primarily motivated by gaining the talent (founders, engineers) rather than the product or technology being purchased.
- Agentic AI / AI agents
- AI systems that can autonomously plan and execute multi-step tasks — browsing the web, writing code, sending emails — without step-by-step human instruction.
- OpenClaw
- An open-source AI agent framework (inspired by Anthropic's Claude) that allows users to build and deploy autonomous AI agents; became a cultural shorthand for the agent category.
- Distillation (AI)
- A technique where a smaller or less capable AI model is trained to mimic the outputs of a larger frontier model, effectively transferring knowledge without access to the original training data.
- Prompt injection
- A security attack on AI agents where malicious text embedded in content tricks the agent into executing unintended commands or leaking sensitive information.
- Fiduciary duty
- A legal obligation to act in another party's best financial interest; relevant in finance and law where AI errors could constitute a breach.
- UBI (Universal Basic Income)
- A policy proposal where every citizen receives a regular, unconditional cash payment from the government, discussed here as a potential response to AI-driven job displacement.
- robots.txt
- A standard file on websites that instructs web crawlers which pages they are or are not allowed to access; Cloudflare's new feature bypasses enforcement of this standard.
- Prediction market
- A financial market where participants trade contracts based on the outcome of future events; prices reflect the crowd's probability estimate of those outcomes.
- Orchestrator
- In an AI context, a person or system that coordinates multiple AI agents or tools to complete complex tasks rather than doing the work directly.
- Gigawatt
- A unit of power equal to one billion watts; used here to measure the massive electricity consumption of OpenAI and Anthropic's data centers.
- Token
- The basic unit of text processed by an AI model (roughly a word or word-fragment); the cost of using AI APIs is typically measured in tokens consumed.
- Capitulate
- To yield or give in after resistance; used here to describe Donald Knuth publicly abandoning his long-held AI skepticism after Claude solved his math problem.