Podbit · Stuff You Should Know
Oliver North traveled to Iran under the alias 'William P. Goode' with a fake passport. CIA Director William Casey allegedly gave him cyanide pills so he could kill himself rather than be tortured if captured. He returned safely and the deal moved forward.
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At 14:21 · chapter starts 11:20
The Reagan administration's solution to its hostage problem was elegant in its dishonesty. Because Israel had a longstanding practice of negotiating hostage exchanges — including kidnapping adversaries to have enough people to trade — the plan was to have Israel transfer arms to Iran, with America simply replacing Israel's stockpile afterward. Since no American explicitly told Iran 'we're doing this for the hostages,' the arms-for-hostages label could technically be avoided. The contact point on the Iranian side was a set of more moderate factions within Iran who hadn't fully embraced the revolution's hardest edges, and through them the Reagan team began making progress. The Iranians were fighting the Iran-Iraq War and desperately needed weapons — a need the Americans, who were simultaneously and publicly supplying Iraq, were uniquely positioned to fill.
During the Iran-Iraq War, the US openly supplied Iraq with weapons, training, and intelligence. At the same time, Oliver North was secretly funneling missiles to Iran. The US was playing both sides of a shooting war.
Lebanese terrorists backed by Iran were holding American hostages throughout the Reagan presidency. Reagan had loudly campaigned against negotiating with terrorists — putting him in an impossible position that his team quietly decided to ignore.
During the Iran-Iraq War, the US openly supplied Iraq with weapons, training, and intelligence. At the same time, Oliver North was secretly funneling missiles to Iran. The US was playing both sides of a shooting war.
The Pentagon sold missiles to the CIA for $3,700 each. The CIA sold them to Richard Secord at cost. Secord sold them to Iranian middleman Ghorbanifar for $10,000 each. Ghorbanifar charged Iran even more. The profit — including $3 million in interest in one Swiss account — was diverted directly to fund the Nicaraguan Contras.
America secretly transferred 2,000 missiles and missile parts to Iran in 8 shipments over more than a year. Only 3 of 7 hostages were released. Three more were taken. The net result was zero freed hostages and a full-blown constitutional scandal.
On October 5, 1986, a CIA Contra supply plane flew a weapons drop at 2,500 feet in broad daylight. A Sandinista soldier shot it down. The only survivor, Eugene Hasenfuss, had borrowed a parachute from his skydiving brother. He was captured, paraded in front of cameras, and told the Sandinistas everything he knew.
The CIA supply operation used a front company called Southern Air Transport, widely known to be a CIA cover. Crew members of the downed plane carried their Southern Air Transport employee IDs in their wallets. One also had a business card directly linking him to Oliver North's office in Washington.
When the scandal broke, Oliver North and his secretary Fawn Hall conducted what became known as a 'shredding party,' destroying a day's worth of documents. The full truth of Iran-Contra may never be known because of what was fed through that shredder.
The official narrative: John Poindexter wanted to help the Contras, tapped Oliver North, and North went rogue — creating the entire network, brokering the Iran deal, all without Reagan or Bush knowing anything. The American public was not impressed.
President George H.W. Bush issued 6 pardons on Christmas Eve as he was leaving office, freeing all key Iran-Contra figures including Caspar Weinberger and Dewey Claridge, who hadn't yet stood trial. North's conviction had already been overturned on a technicality. The men who ran the operation got 2 years probation each.
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