The Peter Attia Drive

Podbit · The Peter Attia Drive

#397 ‒ Endometriosis and adenomyosis: diagnosis, fertility, reproductive aging, and emerging treatments | Renato Tomioka, M.D., Ph.D.

Explore episode Jun 22, 2026

Where this was said

Modern diagnosis of endometriosis: specialized ultrasound, MRI, and the decline of diagnostic laparoscopy

At 39:35 · chapter starts 33:11

This chapter is perhaps the most practically important of the episode. Tomioka's central warning is stark: a normal result on a standard transvaginal ultrasound should provide no reassurance to a symptomatic woman. The device is the same; the protocol, timing, and operator expertise are what make the difference. The gold standard is a detailed bowel-prep protocol — a simple enema, no-residue diet, and vaginal gel — that takes an hour and in expert hands reaches 95 to 98% sensitivity. This technique, pioneered in Brazil by radiologists like Luciana Chamier (now at Mass General) and Manoel Orlando, allows visualization of all three endometriosis phenotypes: superficial peritoneal lesions, deep infiltrating disease, and endometriomas. In the US, only a handful of centers — Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic — perform the full protocol; most rely on MRI. Tomioka explains each modality's complementary role: ultrasound provides dynamic assessment (the 'sliding sign' that reveals adhesions) and superior resolution for bowel endometriosis; MRI is better for extrapelvic lesions (diaphragm, ureter, lateral pelvis) and deep nerve infiltration. He almost never operates without the specialized ultrasound. Three tiers of examination are described: standard transvaginal ultrasound (inadequate for endo), augmented ultrasound with the sliding sign technique (a meaningful upgrade), and the full expert bowel-prep protocol (the gold standard).

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