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‘Hard Fork’ Live, Part 3: Differing Visions of an A.I. Future

Explore episode Jun 19, 2026

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Recursive Self-Improvement: History, Possibility, and Disagreement

At 12:46 · chapter starts 11:11

Sayash Kapoor offers a surprising reframe: recursive self-improvement isn't a future AI event but the entire history of computing, from assembly language to compilers to modern frameworks. The disagreement, he argues, is whether this process will naturally terminate at human-level AI or continue to artificial superintelligence. Kokotajlo agrees that RSI has been ongoing, but maintains that the remaining barriers to ASI don't look as strong as Kapoor suggests. In a remarkably candid moment, Kokotajlo admits he'd breathe a sigh of relief if Kapoor turned out to be right — a moment of human vulnerability from the man predicting potential runaway AI.

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