Snapshot · The Diary Of A CEO with Steven Bartlett
Dalio's 'big cycle' — the rise and fall of world orders encompassing debt, internal politics, and geopolitics — lasts roughly 80 years on average, with the last reset occurring in 1945.
Only 4% of enslaved Africans brought across the Atlantic ended up in North America; Brazil received the most, followed by the Caribbean.
In 1860, the property value of enslaved people alone — not including land — was approximately $3 billion, exceeding the combined value of all US industry and railroads.
The Civil War killed an estimated 750,000 soldiers, far surpassing the previously accepted figure of 618,000 and making it by far the bloodiest war in US history as a percentage of population.
The Confederacy mobilized between 85 and 90 percent of its white military-aged males — only possible because enslaved labor kept the economy running.
The most careful demographic study of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia found that soldiers had a 73% chance of becoming a casualty — making Lee the bloodiest general in US history.
Before facing Lee in Virginia, Grant's total casualties across all his major campaigns were 37,000; Lee's were over 98,000 in the same period, debunking the 'Grant the Butcher' label.
The Confederacy lost between 4.5 and 5.5 percent of its entire population — a higher percentage than Great Britain, France, Germany, or Russia suffered in World War I.
The US federal budget surged from $63 million in 1860 to $1.2 billion in 1865 — meaning the entire prewar federal budget would have lasted only about 11 days by 1865.
On the third day at Gettysburg, Lee sent 12,500 infantry in Pickett's Charge — a direct frontal assault that failed completely and cost Lee roughly 25,000 total casualties across the battle.
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