Sweden's parliament has 349 seats: 310 are elected in constituencies and 39 are levelling seats allocated nationally to correct proportionality imbalances.
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At 1:36:00 · chapter starts 1:00:00
Sweden becomes the episode's analytical north star. The Riksdag has 349 seats: 310 elected in 29 constituencies and 39 reserved as 'levelling seats' allocated nationally after the fact to correct the gap between vote share and seat share. If your party wins 10% of national votes but only 8% of constituency seats, the levelling seats make up the difference. The dual threshold — 4% nationally or 12% in at least one constituency — prevents fragmentation while still allowing regional parties meaningful representation. David walks through the arithmetic carefully, showing how this system produces far more proportional outcomes than Malta's current setup. Jon notes the contrast: Malta tries to achieve proportionality through a constitutional mechanism applied after elections, while Sweden builds proportionality correction into the system's architecture from the start.
Sweden's parliament has 349 seats: 310 elected in constituencies and 39 allocated nationally as 'levelling seats' to correct proportionality imbalances. It's an elegant engineering solution — if your party wins more votes than seats, the levelling seats fill the gap. Malta's bonus-seat mechanism tries the same thing, but with far less precision.
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