#392 - Genetic testing: when it's valuable, how to choose the right test, and what to do with the results

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The major types of genetic tests, and how each should be matched to the clinical question being asked

At 43:40 · chapter starts 42:45

Having established what makes genetic testing useful, Peter turns to the practical question of which test to choose. He organizes the major test types from narrowest to broadest. Single-gene or single-mutation tests are ideal when the clinical question is already highly specific — a family member with a known BRCA1 mutation, for example. These deliver what Peter calls genetics at its best: narrow question, specific test, interpretable result. Genotyping arrays — the technology behind most consumer products like 23andMe — scan hundreds of thousands of common SNPs and are useful for ancestry but not for clinical disease risk assessment, because they miss the rarer, high-impact variants that matter most clinically ^{[1] — Peter Attia "Consumer SNP arrays scan for common variants and are useful for ancestry, but they miss the rare, high-impact mutations that actually drive…" 45:20 Play} . Polygenic risk scores aggregate thousands of common variants into a composite disease-risk score; compelling at the population level, but not yet useful at the individual level in Peter's assessment. Gene panels sequence a defined set of clinically relevant genes in sufficient depth to detect rare, high-impact variants — these are the right tool for most clinical questions. Whole exome and whole genome sequencing provide the most data, but data file sizes can exceed 100 gigabytes, and the interpretive complexity — including incidental findings and variants of uncertain significance — often creates more noise than signal for patients with defined clinical questions.

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This is genetics at its best. Narrow question, specific test, interpretable result.

Peter Attia

#392 - Genetic testing: when it's valua…

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Health & Fitness

SNP Tests vs. Gene Panels: A Dangerous Confusion

#392 - Genetic testing: when it's valuable, how to choose t… · May 18, 2026 Health & Fitness

Consumer SNP arrays scan for common variants and are useful for ancestry, but they miss the rare, high-impact mutations that actually drive inherited disease risk. Treating a consumer SNP test as a clinical-grade panel is one of the most common and consequential mistakes in genetic testing.

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Technology

Whole Genome Sequencing: More Data, More Problems

#392 - Genetic testing: when it's valuable, how to choose t… · May 18, 2026 Technology

Whole genome sequencing generates massive data files exceeding 100 gigabytes, produces incidental findings, and creates variants of uncertain significance that generate more questions than answers. For most defined clinical questions, a targeted gene panel delivers cleaner, more actionable results.

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