- Extreme Emotional Disturbance (EED)
- A legal affirmative defense in New York that, if proven, reduces a charge of second-degree murder to first-degree manslaughter; requires showing the defendant was genuinely disturbed, there was a reasonable explanation for it, and it existed at the moment of the crime.
- Affirmative defense
- A legal strategy where the defendant admits to the act but argues it is legally justified or excused; the defendant bears the burden of proving the defense rather than the prosecution disproving it.
- Motion to suppress
- A pre-trial legal motion asking the court to exclude specific evidence from trial on the grounds it was obtained unlawfully or in violation of the defendant's rights.
- Unindicted co-conspirator
- A person named by prosecutors as having participated in a crime but who has not been formally charged; often named at trial to explain the broader alleged conspiracy.
- Arraignment
- The formal court proceeding in which a defendant is officially informed of the charges against them and asked to enter a plea, such as guilty or not guilty.
- Perjury
- The criminal offense of knowingly making a false statement under oath in a legal proceeding.
- Perp walk
- The informal practice of escorting a recently arrested suspect through a public area, often in view of media cameras, between custody and a courtroom.
- Manslaughter (first-degree)
- A homicide charge less serious than murder, typically involving intentional killing but with a mitigating factor such as extreme emotional disturbance; carries a lighter sentence than murder.
- Mistrial
- A trial that is invalidated before a verdict is reached, usually due to a hung jury or a serious procedural error; often results in a retrial.
- Habeas corpus
- A legal action requiring a court to examine whether a prisoner's detention is lawful; federal appeals courts can overturn state convictions via habeas corpus proceedings, as occurred in the Etan Patz case before the Supreme Court reversed that ruling.
- Pre-trial publicity order
- A court order restricting parties in a case from making statements to the media that could prejudice potential jurors before a trial begins.
- Ballistics report
- A forensic analysis comparing bullet fragments, casings, or other projectile evidence to a specific weapon to determine whether they match.
- Contempt of court
- A finding that a party has disobeyed or shown disrespect for a court's authority or orders, potentially resulting in fines or sanctions.
- Shakespearean
- Resembling the themes of Shakespeare's tragedies — betrayal, jealousy, ambition, and fate leading to downfall; used by Keith Morrison to describe the complex personal dynamics in the Mickey Costanzo murder case.
- Shallow grave
- A hastily dug burial site, typically close to the surface, often found in murder investigations where a body was hidden but not deeply concealed.
- Hex / Spellcaster
- In the Millete trial context, prosecutors allege Larry Millete hired someone to place a magical curse on Maya before allegedly killing her — presented as evidence of premeditated intent to harm her.