At Princeton, Bogle's senior thesis on the mutual fund industry reached a conclusion his professors barely noticed: fees are the dominant drag on long-run fund returns, and in aggregate, all fund managers together are the market — so they can't beat it after fees. He got an A on the thesis and spent the next 25 years proving it right.
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Jack enrolled at Princeton on a work scholarship, spending his college years working in the dining hall and the athletics ticketing office. After a D+ on his first economics midterm — an inauspicious start for the man who would revolutionize finance — he fell in love with the subject and concentrated in economics. In his junior year, in Princeton's Firestone Library, he discovered a Fortune magazine article titled 'Big Money in Boston' about the new phenomenon of open-ended public investment companies, or what we would call mutual funds. The article centered on the Massachusetts Investors Trust Fund, and Jack decided this would be his senior thesis topic. His 1951 thesis, 'The Economic Role of the Investment Company,' argued the industry would become enormously important — and that the fees charged to fund clients would be the primary drag on long-run performance. He even observed that in aggregate, all fund managers together are the market; they cannot collectively beat themselves. He got an A and graduated magna cum laude. The thesis laid out the philosophical foundation for everything Vanguard would later build.
Your brain only rewires when there's a gap between where you are and where you want to be. Errors trigger elevated norepinephrine and epinephrine, which chemically tag the synapses that need to change. Sleep then seals the new wiring. The uncomfortable agitation you feel while learning something hard is not a problem to fix — it's the mechanism itself.
The best way to consolidate and accelerate learning isn't re-reading or visualization — it's deliberately trying to recall what you know, hitting the wall of what you don't, and going to look it up. That gap triggers the same norepinephrine response as making errors in physical practice. It's why drivers used to have to retake tests, and why physicians still do.
A baseball-playing junior who learned about compound interest now wants to quit the sport to start working and investing. George says let him decide and own it. Jade says team sports build something a job can't replace — try doing both during off-season first before making the call permanent.
May is 33, carries $69K in combined household debt, and wants to spend 11–13 years training to become a forensic pathologist at $14K/year in tuition. The prerequisite is non-negotiable: zero debt before a single class. Then, with the spouse earning $4,500/month and able to run the household debt-free, cash-flowing medical school is genuinely possible.
Kavak launched the Jedi Academy, an internal program where every employee — from CEO to mechanics — completes a 6-week training and ships a production-ready AI agent. The message to staff was blunt: train and adapt, or this may not be the right place for you.
The worst AI outcome for young people isn't cheating on homework. It's that passive, mindless consumption strips away the motivation and agency their brains need to develop. The second worst outcome is banning AI from classrooms entirely. The winning path is giving students AI-powered agency.
Prompting AI effectively is a skill that should be taught in K-12. The best prompter in history? Socrates. His method of relentlessly asking precise questions to uncover truth is exactly what powerful AI interaction looks like — and schools should explicitly teach it.
When ChatGPT launched in November 2022, Fei-Fei Li's first move was to email her child's elementary school principal and offer to lecture teachers and students. No investor or tech company did that. Teachers are scared, forgotten, and lectured at — and if they're not helped, neither are the kids.
After the KSI show exposed how hard physical comedy really is, Andrew Santino sincerely proposed doing a semester at clown school in France. Bobby agreed. This is apparently a real plan.
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