Podbit · Empire: World History
France signed the Treaty of Desmichels in 1834 and the Treaty of Tafna in 1837, both granting Abd el-Kader authority over most of Algeria — and violated both within two years. After the second violation, Abd el-Kader wrote a letter of extraordinary dignity declaring he would resume the war.
Where this was said
At 28:15 · chapter starts 24:15
The pieds-noirs etymology briefly interrupts the narrative — Anita Anand explains the competing theories for the term 'blackfeet', favouring the image of French soldiers' black boots contrasting with local sandals. The action then returns to diplomacy and its failure. The Treaty of Desmichels in 1834 gave Abd el-Kader authority over two-thirds of Algeria and the right to import arms; France violated it within two years. The Treaty of Tafna in 1837 was even more generous — and France violated it again in October 1839, pushing into territory it had agreed to leave. Abd el-Kader's response was a letter of extraordinary chivalric dignity to the French governor general, formally warning that the rupture had come from France — and that he would resume the war. The hosts read it aloud, marvelling at its combination of civility and iron determination.
The first French soldiers who arrived in Algeria wore black boots; local Algerians wore sandals. That contrast gave birth to pieds-noirs — 'blackfeet'. A competing theory links it to European slaves who trod grapes in vineyards, staining their feet dark. The term would later define a million settlers.
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