Quantum has been '5 years away' for 25 years — but Gelsinger says this time is different. We now know how to build qubits, error-correct them, and write algorithms against them. Multiple modalities (trapped ions, photonic, spin) are all showing results. Engineering scale is the only remaining challenge, and he expects quantum supremacy across multiple industries before 2030, with encryption-breaking Q-Day around 2032–2033.