The Peter Attia Drive

Snapshot · The Peter Attia Drive

#394 ‒ Sleep pharmacology: the role of medications in healthy sleep, the promise of emerging therapies, and the evidence for common sleep supplements

Explore episode Jun 1, 2026

Where this was said

Sleep supplements and the evidence behind them: glycine, magnesium, ashwagandha, phosphatidylserine, and more

At 48:35 · chapter starts 45:45

The supplement landscape for sleep is vast, poorly regulated, and often misleading. Attia narrows to those where popularity and evidence intersect. Glycine, a nonessential amino acid and inhibitory neurotransmitter abundant in collagen, shows modest sleep benefits across three human studies — not a large effect size, but an excellent safety profile at low cost. Magnesium is mechanistically compelling: it's required for melatonin synthesis and GABAergic signaling, and deficiencies are common. Yet systematic reviews and meta-analyses are lukewarm. Even magnesium L-threonate — the form with best blood-brain barrier penetration in animal models — showed no sleep effects in a direct human trial. Ashwagandha shows a small but statistically significant signal across 5 RCTs in ~400 participants at doses ≥600 mg/day for ≥8 weeks, but quality control is abysmal (only 5 of 13 brands tested accurately by ConsumerLab) and case reports raise thyroid and liver safety flags. Phosphatidylserine's positive evidence comes from bovine cortex-derived PS, now off the market due to mad cow concerns; soy-based PS trials have been largely negative. Yet Attia uses 400–600 mg alongside melatonin in jet lag protocols, based on consistent clinical experience of it helping patients fall asleep at biologically inappropriate times by blunting HPA axis activity and cortisol.

Health & Fitness
Supplement Quality: The Gap Between Label and Reality

#394 ‒ Sleep pharmacology: the role of medications in healt… · Jun 1, 2026 Health & Fitness

Even strong supplement evidence is meaningless if the product doesn't match what was tested. Melatonin can be off by nearly 500%, ashwagandha quality control failures are routine, and supplements can contain contaminants or banned drugs. USP Verified, NSF Certified for Sport, ConsumerLab, and Labdoor are the only reliable quality checkpoints.

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