Planet Money

Snapshot · Planet Money

We almost had a smartphone in the 90s. Why did it fail?

Explore episode Jun 26, 2026

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Lesson 3: Leaders Without Managers — The Big Bang Calendar

At 18:43 · chapter starts 17:46

The third and most vivid lesson involves the difference between leaders and managers. General Magic was led by legendary programmers — people everyone admired and deferred to. But those leaders weren't equipped to set deadlines, establish priorities, or tell engineers what not to do. The result was a culture where any good idea got worked on, regardless of whether it was the right priority. Epstein's emblematic example is engineer Steve Perlman, tasked with writing a calendar function. He started with 1904–2096. A leader suggested it should go back further for historical apps — so he rewrote it to cover year 1. Then another team asked why he was anchoring it to a 'religious context' — so he rewrote it again to span from the Big Bang to the far future. If he'd stayed with the original scope, it would have been four lines of code. Instead, it became an enormous time sink. The lesson: because they could do anything, they did.

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