Qatar's sovereign wealth fund: tens of billions
Thanks to oil revenues, Qatar has one of the world's largest sovereign wealth funds, with tens of billions of dollars at its disposal.
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Qatar's Challenges: Heat, Stadiums, and Human Rights
At 28:10 · chapter starts 26:44
Qatar's obstacles went far beyond infrastructure. To build nine new stadiums, the country would rely on migrant workers operating under the kafala system — a labour arrangement that gives employers sweeping control over where workers live, move, and work. Human rights groups including Amnesty International called it modern-day slavery, warning of inevitable violations as Qatar rushed to meet construction deadlines. Separately, the country's systemic discrimination against women, repression of LGBTQ people, and press censorship made it an unsafe destination for a significant portion of fans and journalists. These were not minor concerns: they were fundamental incompatibilities with the values FIFA publicly espoused.
Qatar's Kafala System: Building the World Cup on 'Modern-Day Slavery'
To build nine new stadiums in 12 years, Qatar would rely on its migrant worker population under the kafala system — which gives employers near-total control over employees' lives. Amnesty International and other groups called the arrangement a modern-day form of slavery.
Qatar's Soft Power Playbook: Al Jazeera and Harrods
Before bidding for the World Cup, Qatar loaned $130 million to launch Al Jazeera — now reaching 250 million households — and spent $2 billion to buy London's Harrods. These weren't just investments; they were a deliberate strategy to accumulate global influence and cultural prestige.
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