Elizabeth Garrett Anderson obtained her medical license in 1865 via the Society of Apothecaries' back door, after which the society changed its rules, illustrating how hard medicine was for women.
Snapshot · Empire: World History
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson obtained her medical license in 1865 via the Society of Apothecaries' back door, after which the society changed its rules, illustrating how hard medicine was for women.
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At 12:16 · chapter starts 10:20
William introduces the Oxford chapter: both Catherine and Bamba attended, but where Catherine passed her exams, Bamba simply did not engage. The photographs from Somerville tell the story without words — she never smiles, she scowls, and the message is consistent: she did not want to do what she was told. Anita is careful to distinguish wilfulness from lack of intelligence. Bamba's refusal to work within established structures was not stupidity; when it was her own idea, when the goal was self-directed, she could demonstrate formidable determination. The tell comes immediately: at the turn of the century, she announced she wanted to become a doctor — an ambition remarkable for any woman in 1899-1900, let alone a mixed-heritage Indian princess in Edwardian Britain.
Reports sent to Queen Victoria described Princess Bamba as having the worst temper among the Duleep Singh children, observed from the age of three.
Spencer Greenberg and Jeremy Stevenson analyzed almost 500 self-improvement techniques and found they all reduce to just 12 underlying psychological drivers.
Cold exposure has good short-term alertness benefits but the evidence base for long-term health benefits is much weaker than popularly believed.
In a randomized study of 20 habit-formation techniques run on hundreds of people, almost none of the techniques produced statistically meaningful results.
People given a tiny-habit fallback option (e.g. 10 squats instead of gym) were actually MORE successful at completing the full habit, not less.
The most effective habit-formation technique was 'habit reflection' — recalling a past successful habit, writing down what helped, then applying those lessons to a new habit.
A study found that simply scheduling enjoyable activities was as effective as standard cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, leading to its own therapy called behavioral activation.
The 'worry time' technique — deferring all worries to a designated time of day — helps people realize they have more control over worry than they thought and reveals it is less useful than it feels.
A study found that participants told to try to stay awake while in bed fell asleep faster than participants told to try to sleep — illustrating the paradox of direct effort.
Spencer Greenberg reduced his severe social anxiety dramatically in roughly 6 months through a structured exposure therapy hierarchy, culminating in asking strangers for hugs.
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