Planet Money

Snapshot · Planet Money

Building things and breaking things in China (Summer School World Tour)

Explore episode Jul 15, 2026

Where this was said

China's Demographic Crisis: A Fertility Rate of 1.0

At 24:27 · chapter starts 23:00

Before the second case study begins, Dan Wang pauses to set a critically important context: China is not just facing an economic slowdown but a demographic one that could reshape the country's future more profoundly than any property crash. The official total fertility rate is 1.0 — one child per woman, on average. The UN demographic body projects China's population will be cut in half by 2100, falling to roughly 700 million with a potential median age in the early 60s. Wang paints the picture starkly: 'It is just kind of hard to imagine a society functioning in which half the population is over sixty.' This makes the pressures on young people doubly acute — they are the narrow demographic layer expected to support an enormous, aging population, all while navigating the worst job market since China's boom began.

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