I Prefer El Alamein’s Early Stuff (with Pierre Novellie) | Monty vs Rommel (Part 3/4)

I Prefer El Alamein’s Early Stuff (with Pierre Novellie) | Monty vs Rommel (Part 3/4)

The Second Battle of El Alamein was the first defeat of German forces in all of WWII — and Britain won it without America, using autistic generals and ripped nerds who loved suffering.

Jul 6, 2026 1:01:39 Difficulty: Intermediate Played

TL;DR

Fin Taylor, Horatio Gould, and guest Pierre Novellie — a self-described autistic military history obsessive — power through Part 3 of their Monty vs. Rommel series, covering the Battle of Alam el-Halfa, the Second Battle of El Alamein, and Rommel's eventual retreat. Pierre's encyclopaedic knowledge of North African logistics, tank names, and desert sand granularity adds gleeful depth to the comedy trio's analysis. The key takeaway: El Alamein was the first defeat of German forces in WWII, and Churchill's line — "Before Alamein we never had a victory; after Alamein we never had a defeat" — still hits hard.

#Second Battle of El Alamein #Desert War logistics #Operation Supercharge #Monty's leadership style #Enigma code intelligence #German military doctrine #Axis supply lines #British autism in WWII #Long Range Desert Group #Campaign for North Africa board game #El Alamein #Montgomery #Rommel #North Africa #WWII #desert warfare #Enigma #Eighth Army #autism #British Empire #logistics #Pierre Novellie #military history #comedy podcast

Part 3 of the Monty and Rommel miniseries, with guest Pierre Novellie joining Fin Taylor and Horatio Gould to cover the Battle of Alam el-Halfa, the Second Battle of El Alamein, and the first defeat of German forces in WWII.

Chapter list
  • After weeks of anticipation, Pierre Novellie finally joins the show. Fin introduces him as one of the greatest stand-ups of their generation and a 'card-carrying autist,' noting that when Pierre got his diagnosis, the reaction was simply 'ah, right, obvious.' Horatio reveals there used to be a game among friends of timing how long before Pierre brought up military history. Pierre immediately begins correcting everyone's board game knowledge, noting that the Campaign for North Africa board game requires sessions every two weeks — and that the Italian forces need extra water because they're constantly boiling pasta, which is technically accurate to the rules. The trio quickly fall into the comic groove that defines this episode: absurdist riffs grounded in genuine historical detail. Pierre's arrival is framed as a structural mirror of Montgomery's own arrival in North Africa — an autistic expert parachuted in to sort out the chaos.

  • Pierre explains that the game must be played twice a month to complete it in a manageable timeframe, and notes that the Italian forces require additional water resources because the rules account for pasta-cooking — a detail that delights the hosts. The prospect of finishing after 18 years only to see someone else complete it first is floated as a particular horror. The discussion naturally pivots to the theater's actual historical value: Pierre frames it as the war's best spin-off, a clean duel between a supervillain and a superhero, free from the overwhelming shadow of Normandy and D-Day. Fin adds that the inhabitable strip of North Africa is only a few hundred miles wide, making the entire campaign essentially a siege of logistics.

  • On 13 August 1942, Montgomery assumed command of the Eighth Army and his first act was to order the burning of all pamphlets and instruction booklets explaining how to retreat in good order. Pierre identifies this as one of Monty's great skills — the kind of morale-boosting symbolic gesture that recalibrates an army's entire psychology. The analogy of 'getting Big Sam in to avoid relegation' is floated and approved. The hosts then play their recurring segment of placing the date relative to historical events: 13 August 1942 is confirmed to be after sliced bread (invented 1928) and before the miniskirt (1964). The group riffs that the window between those two events represents some kind of belle époque — technological progress with intact social conservatism — before the divorce laws of 1969 dissolved the family unit entirely.

  • On 13 August 1942, Montgomery assumed command of the Eighth Army and his first act was to order the burning of all pamphlets and instruction booklets explaining how to retreat in good order. Pierre identifies this as one of Monty's great skills — the kind of morale-boosting symbolic gesture that recalibrates an army's entire psychology. The analogy of 'getting Big Sam in to avoid relegation' is floated and approved. The hosts then play their recurring segment of placing the date relative to historical events: 13 August 1942 is confirmed to be after sliced bread (invented 1928) and before the miniskirt (1964). The group riffs that the window between those two events represents some kind of belle époque — technological progress with intact social conservatism — before the divorce laws of 1969 dissolved the family unit entirely.

  • Fin reads a vivid contemporary account of the desert conditions: fine sand infiltrating vehicles, weapons, food, and 'bodily orifices,' constant flies drawn to dead bodies and corned beef, scorpions, sandstorms that stopped fighting altogether. Horatio notes the Australians performed particularly well in this theater, probably because the conditions broadly resembled home. The discussion then turns to Monty's leadership philosophy: where Rommel was improvisational, speed-addicted, and led from the front, Monty wanted to know every variable before committing — a style compared to José Mourinho. Pierre identifies this as autistic in the most productive sense: a refusal to act under uncertainty, framed as planning every detail of a night out before agreeing to go. Fin notes that Monty also cared unusually deeply about preserving his men's lives — whether from empathy or because they were expensively trained resources is left open.

  • With his supply line stretching back to Tripoli and the SAS increasingly effective at disrupting it, Rommel attempts one final push before Allied reinforcements arrive. Pierre explains why resources were so stretched: Churchill's obsession with invading through Greece had drained Allied focus northward, while Italy's catastrophic military incompetence — culminating in 100,000 immediate POWs — meant the Germans also had to absorb the logistical burden of guarding and feeding Italian prisoners. The group examines a map of the battle and Pierre reads the military symbols: infantry squares, tank crosses, parachute icons. At Alam el-Halfa, Monty — knowing Rommel's plan via Enigma decrypts — left the southern approach empty and packed a ridge with dug-in tanks and anti-tank guns. Rommel's panzers ran out of fuel trying to force the position. It was the first time German armour hadn't simply bulldozed everything in its path.

  • With Alam el-Halfa secured, the group turns to the theatre of Montgomery's public image. Fin observes that WWII saw the birth of the military celebrity, and Monty was acutely brand-aware. Pierre explains that the black beret was the badge of armoured divisions — by wearing it, Monty was signalling to the tank crews 'he's one of ours,' which gave morale a significant boost. The SAS's beret history is also covered: they originally wore beige, which got them mocked as sissies when they returned to Cairo, fights broke out, so they eventually switched to the now-iconic red. The fly whisk Monty carried is distinguished from a fly swatter — it deters rather than kills. Horatio notes Patton's contrasting image management: pearl-handled revolvers and an always-on helmet that made him look, in Horatio's phrase, like 'a Deliveroo driver picking up McDonald's.'

  • The group explores the German military's improvisation-based 'yes-and' doctrine — essentially Auftragstaktik — in contrast to Monty's methodical planning. Rommel, having operated on Pervitin (methamphetamine) for 18 months in 40-degree heat, retreats to Germany in September 1942, where Pierre imagines him doing jumping jacks in the Alps and drinking mineral water in a spa. Meanwhile, Alan Turing's cracking of the Enigma code is giving Monty total awareness — he knows when ships carrying Rommel's fuel are sailing, where each unit is positioned, even when Rommel is at a spa. Horatio frames Monty and Turing as 'Andy Cole and Dwight York,' two autistic geniuses forming an unbeatable partnership. The Second Battle of El Alamein opens on 23 October 1942 with a massive Allied bombardment. Hitler frantically summons Rommel back from his recovery.

  • With Monty launching Operation Lightfoot — infantry tiptoeing through minefields set to anti-tank pressure thresholds — the group tries to visualise the flat, flour-fine desert terrain and fails entertainingly. Pierre notes that what looks like a gentle slope is actually three metres higher than your position, which means you're dead. The Allied force is celebrated as genuinely multinational: Australians, Indians, Kiwis, South Africans, Greeks — all before any meaningful American involvement. Pierre praises the Long Range Desert Group as 'ripped nerds' who had pre-war master's degrees and charted the desert out of sheer enthusiasm, a quality that gave the Allies irreplaceable local knowledge. The episode's comedic highpoint arrives: Rommel's replacement, the overweight, hypertensive General Stümer, attempts to visit the front line in a Jeep, his driver's head is blown off by an anti-tank gun, Stümer falls out of the moving vehicle, and is found three days later in the desert — dead of a heart attack, no bullet wounds.

  • Rommel arrives back at the front on 25 October — having missed the opening chaos — but Stümer is already gone and the situation is critical. Fin describes the period from 26–31 October as 'barbaric': close-range artillery fire, men being squashed by tanks (evoking the famous scene from All Quiet on the Western Front), combat degenerating into fists, spades, and knives. The proximity to Cairo means Allied supplies flow freely, while Rommel's lines stretch back to Libya. Horatio drops the observation that Muammar Gaddafi was born in 1942 and is therefore approximately four months old during all of this, and the group confirms he is a Gemini ('makes sense'). Fin has been watching Tom Hanks' 20-part WWII documentary series on streaming, described as 'WWII for a more online generation,' and the group debates whether any new take on the war is possible. [1]

  • On 2 November 1942, Montgomery commits his reserves to Operation Supercharge, the decisive final phase of the Second Battle. A tank regiment — approximately 150 tanks — is told to punch straight through the Axis lines and to expect total casualties. They suffer 75% losses and lose 120 tanks, but the breach is made. A second armoured regiment follows through the gap. Rommel's forces begin to be encircled. The group's discussion of tank crew survival prospects ('often they just get out the back') lightens the grimness only slightly. Fin notes the broader arc: this is Mourinho's team against Pep's, but the pitch has been progressively shrunk until there is no room left to manoeuvre. The 'no chill-out room in the desert' quip becomes a summary of the entire theater of war.

  • As Rommel's encirclement becomes clear, he contacts High Command for permission to withdraw. Hitler — distracted by Stalingrad and described as having 'a lot on, famously' — issues a direct order: no retreat, victory or death. The group discusses Hitler's strategic decision-making pathology: his pattern of gambling on if-then scenarios (if we win Stalingrad, the Soviet Union collapses, and the Western powers come to terms) that became increasingly detached from reality. Pierre notes the Germans were still holding out hope that Britain might negotiate, even as late as November 1942. Fin steers toward the broader claim that El Alamein is the war's true turning point — Stalingrad's a sideshow — and the Nazi pattern of doubling down on lost positions begins here. [1]

  • As Rommel's encirclement becomes clear, he contacts High Command for permission to withdraw. Hitler — distracted by Stalingrad and described as having 'a lot on, famously' — issues a direct order: no retreat, victory or death. The group discusses Hitler's strategic decision-making pathology: his pattern of gambling on if-then scenarios (if we win Stalingrad, the Soviet Union collapses, and the Western powers come to terms) that became increasingly detached from reality. Pierre notes the Germans were still holding out hope that Britain might negotiate, even as late as November 1942. Fin steers toward the broader claim that El Alamein is the war's true turning point — Stalingrad's a sideshow — and the Nazi pattern of doubling down on lost positions begins here. [1]

Operation Supercharge
Montgomery's final decisive offensive at the Second Battle of El Alamein in November 1942, designed to punch through the Axis lines and encircle Rommel's forces.
Operation Lightfoot
The opening phase of the Second Battle of El Alamein in which Allied infantry crossed minefields on foot, exploiting the fact that mines were set to anti-tank pressure thresholds.
Alam el-Halfa
A ridge south of El Alamein where Montgomery set a defensive trap for Rommel's last major offensive in August–September 1942; widely seen as Monty's first victory.
Enigma / Ultra
The German military cipher machine (Enigma) and the Allied intelligence operation (Ultra) that decoded its messages, giving the Allies significant foreknowledge of Axis plans.
Pervitin
A methamphetamine-based stimulant widely issued to German soldiers and officers during WWII; referenced in the episode as what Rommel was taking during the desert campaign.
Long Range Desert Group (LRDG)
A British special forces unit that operated behind Axis lines in North Africa, formed partly from pre-war desert explorers and surveyors who had charted the terrain before the war.
Qattara Depression
A vast, inhospitable salt flat in Egypt that formed the southern boundary of the El Alamein defensive line, making a full flanking manoeuvre extremely difficult.
Auftragstaktik
The German military doctrine of decentralised, initiative-based command — described in the episode as a 'yes-and' approach to battlefield decision-making.
SAS (Special Air Service)
British special forces unit formed during the North African campaign, initially renowned for raiding Rommel's supply lines and airfields behind enemy lines.
Matilda / Valentine
British infantry tanks used in the early North African campaign, considered inferior to German armour and later supplemented by American-supplied Sherman tanks.
Sherman tank
American-designed medium tank supplied to Allied forces; praised for its modular, easily repaired construction even if not individually superior to German counterparts.
attritional
Relating to a strategy of gradually wearing down an opponent through sustained pressure and resource depletion, rather than a single decisive blow.
Cairo Purge
Churchill's wholesale removal and restructuring of British desert command leadership in mid-1942, which ultimately led to Montgomery's appointment.
Storch
A small German liaison and reconnaissance aircraft (Fieseler Fi 156 Storch) used by Rommel for aerial observation of the battlefield.
Barbarossa
Germany's massive invasion of the Soviet Union launched in June 1941; its delay — partly blamed on Italian failures in Greece — is argued to have been decisive in Germany's eventual defeat in the East.
post-nut clarity
Colloquial term for the sudden shift in perspective after achieving a long-sought goal; used humorously in the episode about the feeling upon finishing the 20-year board game.
fly whisk
A long-handled switch used to deter flies; Montgomery carried one in the desert as part of his distinctive personal image, distinct from a fly swatter (which kills rather than deters).
aura farm
Internet slang meaning to deliberately cultivate an impressive or intimidating personal mystique; used in the episode to describe Montgomery's deliberate image management.

Chapter 1 · 00:00

Rude But Correct

After weeks of anticipation, Pierre Novellie finally joins the show. Fin introduces him as one of the greatest stand-ups of their generation and a 'card-carrying autist,' noting that when Pierre got his diagnosis, the reaction was simply 'ah, right, obvious.' Horatio reveals there used to be a game among friends of timing how long before Pierre brought up military history. Pierre immediately begins correcting everyone's board game knowledge, noting that the Campaign for North Africa board game requires sessions every two weeks — and that the Italian forces need extra water because they're constantly boiling pasta, which is technically accurate to the rules. The trio quickly fall into the comic groove that defines this episode: absurdist riffs grounded in genuine historical detail. Pierre's arrival is framed as a structural mirror of Montgomery's own arrival in North Africa — an autistic expert parachuted in to sort out the chaos.

Claims made here

The Campaign for North Africa board game takes approximately 20 years to complete and has reportedly never been finished by any group.

Fin Taylor no source cited

Chapter 2 · 07:17

The Mad PE Teacher

Pierre explains that the game must be played twice a month to complete it in a manageable timeframe, and notes that the Italian forces require additional water resources because the rules account for pasta-cooking — a detail that delights the hosts. The prospect of finishing after 18 years only to see someone else complete it first is floated as a particular horror. The discussion naturally pivots to the theater's actual historical value: Pierre frames it as the war's best spin-off, a clean duel between a supervillain and a superhero, free from the overwhelming shadow of Normandy and D-Day. Fin adds that the inhabitable strip of North Africa is only a few hundred miles wide, making the entire campaign essentially a siege of logistics.

Claims made here

Tobruk changed hands three times over the course of the North African campaign.

Fin Taylor no source cited

Chapter 3 · 12:40

Sliced Bread

On 13 August 1942, Montgomery assumed command of the Eighth Army and his first act was to order the burning of all pamphlets and instruction booklets explaining how to retreat in good order. Pierre identifies this as one of Monty's great skills — the kind of morale-boosting symbolic gesture that recalibrates an army's entire psychology. The analogy of 'getting Big Sam in to avoid relegation' is floated and approved. The hosts then play their recurring segment of placing the date relative to historical events: 13 August 1942 is confirmed to be after sliced bread (invented 1928) and before the miniskirt (1964). The group riffs that the window between those two events represents some kind of belle époque — technological progress with intact social conservatism — before the divorce laws of 1969 dissolved the family unit entirely.

Claims made here

Montgomery ordered all retreat pamphlets and withdrawal instruction booklets burned on assuming command of the Eighth Army.

Pierre Novellie no source cited

Chapter 4 · 13:30

The British Experience

On 13 August 1942, Montgomery assumed command of the Eighth Army and his first act was to order the burning of all pamphlets and instruction booklets explaining how to retreat in good order. Pierre identifies this as one of Monty's great skills — the kind of morale-boosting symbolic gesture that recalibrates an army's entire psychology. The analogy of 'getting Big Sam in to avoid relegation' is floated and approved. The hosts then play their recurring segment of placing the date relative to historical events: 13 August 1942 is confirmed to be after sliced bread (invented 1928) and before the miniskirt (1964). The group riffs that the window between those two events represents some kind of belle époque — technological progress with intact social conservatism — before the divorce laws of 1969 dissolved the family unit entirely.

Claims made here

Sliced bread was first commercially produced in 1928.

Horatio Gould no source cited

Chapter 5 · 16:51

Farting In A Lift

Fin reads a vivid contemporary account of the desert conditions: fine sand infiltrating vehicles, weapons, food, and 'bodily orifices,' constant flies drawn to dead bodies and corned beef, scorpions, sandstorms that stopped fighting altogether. Horatio notes the Australians performed particularly well in this theater, probably because the conditions broadly resembled home. The discussion then turns to Monty's leadership philosophy: where Rommel was improvisational, speed-addicted, and led from the front, Monty wanted to know every variable before committing — a style compared to José Mourinho. Pierre identifies this as autistic in the most productive sense: a refusal to act under uncertainty, framed as planning every detail of a night out before agreeing to go. Fin notes that Monty also cared unusually deeply about preserving his men's lives — whether from empathy or because they were expensively trained resources is left open.

Chapter 6 · 19:54

The Bag's Run Out

With his supply line stretching back to Tripoli and the SAS increasingly effective at disrupting it, Rommel attempts one final push before Allied reinforcements arrive. Pierre explains why resources were so stretched: Churchill's obsession with invading through Greece had drained Allied focus northward, while Italy's catastrophic military incompetence — culminating in 100,000 immediate POWs — meant the Germans also had to absorb the logistical burden of guarding and feeding Italian prisoners. The group examines a map of the battle and Pierre reads the military symbols: infantry squares, tank crosses, parachute icons. At Alam el-Halfa, Monty — knowing Rommel's plan via Enigma decrypts — left the southern approach empty and packed a ridge with dug-in tanks and anti-tank guns. Rommel's panzers ran out of fuel trying to force the position. It was the first time German armour hadn't simply bulldozed everything in its path.

Claims made here

Italy's military failures in Greece forced Germany to intervene, delaying Operation Barbarossa by six weeks — a delay argued to have been critical to Germany's eventual defeat in the East.

Fin Taylor no source cited

The Italians broke the American ambassador's cipher by finding the codebook in a desk at the Rome embassy, allowing the Germans to read Allied communications from Cairo.

Pierre Novellie no source cited

Chapter 7 · 25:54

The Gay Beret

With Alam el-Halfa secured, the group turns to the theatre of Montgomery's public image. Fin observes that WWII saw the birth of the military celebrity, and Monty was acutely brand-aware. Pierre explains that the black beret was the badge of armoured divisions — by wearing it, Monty was signalling to the tank crews 'he's one of ours,' which gave morale a significant boost. The SAS's beret history is also covered: they originally wore beige, which got them mocked as sissies when they returned to Cairo, fights broke out, so they eventually switched to the now-iconic red. The fly whisk Monty carried is distinguished from a fly swatter — it deters rather than kills. Horatio notes Patton's contrasting image management: pearl-handled revolvers and an always-on helmet that made him look, in Horatio's phrase, like 'a Deliveroo driver picking up McDonald's.'

Chapter 8 · 30:46

Yes And

The group explores the German military's improvisation-based 'yes-and' doctrine — essentially Auftragstaktik — in contrast to Monty's methodical planning. Rommel, having operated on Pervitin (methamphetamine) for 18 months in 40-degree heat, retreats to Germany in September 1942, where Pierre imagines him doing jumping jacks in the Alps and drinking mineral water in a spa. Meanwhile, Alan Turing's cracking of the Enigma code is giving Monty total awareness — he knows when ships carrying Rommel's fuel are sailing, where each unit is positioned, even when Rommel is at a spa. Horatio frames Monty and Turing as 'Andy Cole and Dwight York,' two autistic geniuses forming an unbeatable partnership. The Second Battle of El Alamein opens on 23 October 1942 with a massive Allied bombardment. Hitler frantically summons Rommel back from his recovery.

Chapter 9 · 35:34

Ripped Nerds

With Monty launching Operation Lightfoot — infantry tiptoeing through minefields set to anti-tank pressure thresholds — the group tries to visualise the flat, flour-fine desert terrain and fails entertainingly. Pierre notes that what looks like a gentle slope is actually three metres higher than your position, which means you're dead. The Allied force is celebrated as genuinely multinational: Australians, Indians, Kiwis, South Africans, Greeks — all before any meaningful American involvement. Pierre praises the Long Range Desert Group as 'ripped nerds' who had pre-war master's degrees and charted the desert out of sheer enthusiasm, a quality that gave the Allies irreplaceable local knowledge. The episode's comedic highpoint arrives: Rommel's replacement, the overweight, hypertensive General Stümer, attempts to visit the front line in a Jeep, his driver's head is blown off by an anti-tank gun, Stümer falls out of the moving vehicle, and is found three days later in the desert — dead of a heart attack, no bullet wounds.

Claims made here

General Georg Stümer died of a heart attack in the desert during the Second Battle of El Alamein with no bullet wounds or injuries — caused by the stress of falling from a Jeep under fire.

Fin Taylor no source cited

Chapter 10 · 41:08

He's A Gemini

Rommel arrives back at the front on 25 October — having missed the opening chaos — but Stümer is already gone and the situation is critical. Fin describes the period from 26–31 October as 'barbaric': close-range artillery fire, men being squashed by tanks (evoking the famous scene from All Quiet on the Western Front), combat degenerating into fists, spades, and knives. The proximity to Cairo means Allied supplies flow freely, while Rommel's lines stretch back to Libya. Horatio drops the observation that Muammar Gaddafi was born in 1942 and is therefore approximately four months old during all of this, and the group confirms he is a Gemini ('makes sense'). Fin has been watching Tom Hanks' 20-part WWII documentary series on streaming, described as 'WWII for a more online generation,' and the group debates whether any new take on the war is possible. [1]

Chapter 11 · 47:30

No Chill Out Room

On 2 November 1942, Montgomery commits his reserves to Operation Supercharge, the decisive final phase of the Second Battle. A tank regiment — approximately 150 tanks — is told to punch straight through the Axis lines and to expect total casualties. They suffer 75% losses and lose 120 tanks, but the breach is made. A second armoured regiment follows through the gap. Rommel's forces begin to be encircled. The group's discussion of tank crew survival prospects ('often they just get out the back') lightens the grimness only slightly. Fin notes the broader arc: this is Mourinho's team against Pep's, but the pitch has been progressively shrunk until there is no room left to manoeuvre. The 'no chill-out room in the desert' quip becomes a summary of the entire theater of war.

Claims made here

Rommel habitually rode in the front lines in an armoured car and sometimes flew aerial reconnaissance personally in a Storch aircraft.

Pierre Novellie no source cited

During Operation Supercharge, the Allied tank regiment tasked with breaching the Axis line suffered 75% casualties and lost 120 tanks.

Fin Taylor no source cited

Chapter 13 · 52:52

Just Ignore Him

As Rommel's encirclement becomes clear, he contacts High Command for permission to withdraw. Hitler — distracted by Stalingrad and described as having 'a lot on, famously' — issues a direct order: no retreat, victory or death. The group discusses Hitler's strategic decision-making pathology: his pattern of gambling on if-then scenarios (if we win Stalingrad, the Soviet Union collapses, and the Western powers come to terms) that became increasingly detached from reality. Pierre notes the Germans were still holding out hope that Britain might negotiate, even as late as November 1942. Fin steers toward the broader claim that El Alamein is the war's true turning point — Stalingrad's a sideshow — and the Nazi pattern of doubling down on lost positions begins here. [1]

Claims made here

The North African theater of World War II is considered to have been conducted with essentially no war crimes by either side.

Fin Taylor no source cited

The Second Battle of El Alamein was the first defeat of German forces in World War II.

Fin Taylor no source cited

Montgomery lived until 1976, surviving into Harold Wilson's second government and the Callaghan era.

Horatio Gould no source cited

No indexed bits in this chapter.

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0 / 12 cited (0%)

Factual claims made this episode, and whether a source was named.

The Second Battle of El Alamein was the first defeat of German forces in World War II.

Fin Taylor no source cited

The Campaign for North Africa board game takes approximately 20 years to complete and has reportedly never been finished by any group.

Fin Taylor no source cited

Italy's military failures in Greece forced Germany to intervene, delaying Operation Barbarossa by six weeks — a delay argued to have been critical to Germany's eventual defeat in the East.

Fin Taylor no source cited

Montgomery ordered all retreat pamphlets and withdrawal instruction booklets burned on assuming command of the Eighth Army.

Pierre Novellie no source cited

The Italians broke the American ambassador's cipher by finding the codebook in a desk at the Rome embassy, allowing the Germans to read Allied communications from Cairo.

Pierre Novellie no source cited

General Georg Stümer died of a heart attack in the desert during the Second Battle of El Alamein with no bullet wounds or injuries — caused by the stress of falling from a Jeep under fire.

Fin Taylor no source cited

During Operation Supercharge, the Allied tank regiment tasked with breaching the Axis line suffered 75% casualties and lost 120 tanks.

Fin Taylor no source cited

Rommel habitually rode in the front lines in an armoured car and sometimes flew aerial reconnaissance personally in a Storch aircraft.

Pierre Novellie no source cited

The North African theater of World War II is considered to have been conducted with essentially no war crimes by either side.

Fin Taylor no source cited

Montgomery lived until 1976, surviving into Harold Wilson's second government and the Callaghan era.

Horatio Gould no source cited

Tobruk changed hands three times over the course of the North African campaign.

Fin Taylor no source cited

Sliced bread was first commercially produced in 1928.

Horatio Gould no source cited

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