People who claim they 'lost everything' in 2008 are mathematically wrong — unless they sold at the worst possible moment and never bought back in. The Dow went from 13,000 to 6,300, then all the way to 54,000. Holding through the drop turned a paper loss into a massive gain. An investment psychologist found that losing $1 requires $3 in gains just to feel even — that's the negativity bias keeping people out of the market.