One standard deviation increase in historical coal pollution corresponded to 15% higher share of low-skilled workers in a neighborhood in the past; today that effect has grown to 20%, suggesting path dependence.
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At 19:22 · chapter starts 19:10
The most troubling finding from Hiblik's 'East Side Story' research isn't the historical sorting — it's that the sorting has intensified over time. One standard deviation more historical pollution corresponds to a 20% higher share of low-skilled workers in a neighborhood today, compared to 15% in the Victorian era. Hiblik explains this through path dependence: pollution drew the poor east, then highways cut off the east side, school funding fell, building quality declined, and crime rose — each factor reinforcing the last in a classic snowball effect. Test scores in historically high-pollution east sides are lower, and crime rates are higher. The causal question remains open: did pollution impair cognition directly, or did it simply sort lower-income people into those areas? That question is exactly what the next section of the episode sets out to resolve.
Kierkegaard's concept of anxiety as 'the dizziness of freedom' predates Freud's psychological framework by roughly 60 years, yet modern research has since validated his core claims about commitment and identity.
Between 2003 and 2020, Americans accumulated roughly 24 extra hours per month spent alone — the equivalent of a part-time job's worth of isolation, and that's before the pandemic.
Median age at first marriage climbed from 21 (women) and 23 (men) in the 1970s to nearly 29 (women) and 30 (men) today — a rise of 6–8 years per gender, extending the 'emerging adulthood' liminal phase.
San Francisco's average rent rose 18% over the past two years to $3,728/month, surpassing New York City as the most expensive rental market in the country.
San Francisco's average monthly rent now stands at $3,728, surpassing New York City to become the most expensive rental city in the United States.
At a childhood sleepover, Bobby Lee's friends drew penises on his face and he walked 7 miles home on a dirt road before being picked up by Eric Purvis's mom.
In 1950, about 60% of the world lived in extreme poverty; today it's about 1 in 10, attributable to capitalist economic growth.
From 2021 to 2024, 6 million children fell below the poverty line in the US after the expanded child tax credit expired.
Private domestic infant and international adoptions typically cost $40,000 to $70,000, while foster care adoption is the most affordable route at $0 to $2,000.
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