- TPS (Temporary Protected Status)
- A US immigration status established in 1990 that allows nationals of designated countries experiencing ongoing crises — wars, natural disasters — to live and work legally in the US.
- PEPFAR
- The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, launched by President George W. Bush in 2003; the US program credited with saving 26 million lives by funding HIV/AIDS treatment globally.
- ARVs (antiretrovirals)
- Antiretroviral medications that suppress HIV in the body, preventing AIDS; people living with HIV must take them continuously or the virus can rebound and become fatal.
- DART team
- Disaster Assistance Response Team — a rapid-deployment unit of specialists funded by USAID that conducts search-and-rescue and delivers emergency aid after major disasters abroad.
- MOU (Memorandum of Understanding)
- A non-binding agreement between parties that outlines intended actions or commitments; used here to describe the US-Iran ceasefire framework.
- IRGC
- Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps — Iran's elite paramilitary and ideological military force, separate from the conventional armed forces, that controls key strategic assets including the Strait of Hormuz.
- Strait of Hormuz
- A narrow waterway between Iran and Oman through which roughly 20% of the world's oil supply passes; control of it is a central strategic objective in the US-Iran conflict described in this episode.
- Afrikaner
- White South Africans descended primarily from Dutch settlers; the Trump administration controversially extended refugee status to Afrikaners claiming persecution while denying it to Haitians and Syrians.
- Dred Scott decision
- An 1857 Supreme Court ruling that Black Americans, including freed slaves, could never be US citizens; overturned by the 14th Amendment, which Trump's executive order attempted to reinterpret.
- Fig leaf
- A token gesture that conceals an embarrassing or unresolved reality; used by Ben Rhodes to describe the Israel-Lebanon peace deal as diplomatic cover for the US-Iran MOU rather than a genuine solution.
- No-bid contract
- A government contract awarded without a competitive bidding process; used here to describe how Trump-connected companies may be getting preferential Pentagon deals.
- Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
- A rigorous scientific study design where participants are randomly assigned to treatment or control groups; Kristof cites RCT evidence as the standard foreign aid programs should meet.
- Contact tracing
- The public health practice of identifying and monitoring people who may have been exposed to an infectious disease, critical for containing outbreaks like Ebola.
- Levered / leveraged
- Describes investments made using borrowed money to amplify potential gains; Tommy Vietor warns that leveraged market positions create significant systemic risk.
- Status quo ante
- Latin for 'the state of things before'; used by Ben Rhodes to describe Iran restoring its pre-war military capabilities after US strikes.
- Oligarch
- A member of a small group that controls enormous wealth and political power, often in post-Soviet states; used to draw parallels between Kazakhstani elites and Trump-era family corruption.
- Gaslighting
- A form of psychological manipulation in which someone causes another to question their perception of reality; used to describe Musk's denial that USAID cuts caused any deaths.
- Blood libel
- A historically antisemitic accusation; the Israeli government provocatively applied the term to Nicholas Kristof's investigative reporting on Israeli prison sexual violence.
- Hegemonic
- Relating to dominance or leadership by one country or group over others; implicitly used in discussions of US and Iranian competition for influence over the Strait of Hormuz.
- Pyramid scheme
- A fraudulent investment model where returns for earlier participants are paid using money from new entrants rather than genuine profit; Ben Rhodes uses it to describe speculative AI-driven market dynamics.