On a driverless train in Singapore, Vitaly pointed out this was exactly the kind of system FAST16-style malware could degrade. There'd been a collision recently. Officials said no cyberattack was involved. Jags and Vitaly looked at each other and said: 'Well, as far as we know.'
Where this was said
At 29:30 · chapter starts 28:15
Nick Fountain asks Jags whether 'epistemological warfare' is the right framing for what FAST16 did. Jags — who was once heading toward a philosophy PhD — takes the bait. [1] — Juan Andrés Guerrero Saade "Certainty isn't coherent deduction — it's a background assumption that lets you function. FAST16 weaponized that assumption, forcing scient…" 28:15 He explains that certainty isn't a product of careful deduction; it's a background assumption that lets us function at all. If you questioned every step — whether the floor will hold you, whether the train is safe — you'd be paralyzed. FAST16 weaponized that assumption, forcing scientists to question their results, their methods, and ultimately themselves. The episode closes with a vivid anecdote: Jags and Vitaly, riding a driverless train in Singapore on their way to present their FAST16 research at a hacker conference, when Vitaly notes that this is exactly the kind of system FAST16-style malware could degrade. There'd been a train collision recently. Officials said no cyberattack was involved. Jags and Vitaly glanced at each other and said, 'Well, as far as we know.' The people who understand cyber threats best are also the least able to trust anything.
Certainty isn't coherent deduction — it's a background assumption that lets you function. FAST16 weaponized that assumption, forcing scientists to question not just their results but their own competence. Jags, a philosophy dropout turned hacker, calls this 'epistemological warfare.'
FAST16's most diabolical feature was psychological — it made Iranian nuclear scientists doubt their own competence rather than suspect their computers were compromised.
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