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What A.I. Is Actually Doing to the Economy

Explore episode Jul 27, 2026

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What Should Individuals Do? Embracing Uncertainty

At 31:37 · chapter starts 31:10

The episode closes on its most personal and unsettling note. Kano-Youngs asks the question that listeners have been holding throughout: what is the individual supposed to do? What do you tell your kids? Castleman's answer is painfully honest. In the 1990s, there was a direction to point people in — go to college, pursue these new careers, even if it didn't work out for everyone. Today, there are no doubt going to be new jobs created through AI innovation, but we don't know what they look like. Castleman says he genuinely doesn't know whether to advise someone to go to college or not, what to major in, or which direction is safe. Because we can't offer clarity, people are inevitably going to feel lost. His closing line, in response to Kano-Youngs suggesting we'll 'have to embrace the uncertainty,' is three words: 'I don't know that we have much choice.'

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