- Explanatory style
- Martin Seligman's term for the habitual way a person explains bad events to themselves — as temporary and specific (optimistic) or permanent and pervasive (pessimistic).
- Anitya
- Sanskrit word for impermanence; a core Vedic and Buddhist concept teaching that all phenomena — both good and bad — are temporary and constantly changing.
- Automatic thoughts
- Aaron Beck's term for rapid, reflexive mental commentary that runs below deliberate thinking and, in depression or anxiety, is systematically distorted and experienced as unquestionable truth.
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- A widely evidenced psychological treatment developed by Aaron Beck, based on the insight that distorted automatic thoughts drive emotional distress and can be changed by testing them against evidence.
- Transference
- A psychological concept, developed from Freud and validated by modern relational therapists, describing how feelings from past relationships are unconsciously redirected onto present ones.
- Shadow (Jungian)
- Carl Jung's concept of the disowned, suppressed parts of the self; Jung observed that what a person most dislikes in others often reflects qualities they refuse to acknowledge in themselves.
- Flow state
- A mental state of complete, energized focus in an activity, studied by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi; associated with deep purpose and meaning — found in doing, not in reflection.
- Karma
- Sanskrit word meaning 'action'; often misunderstood in the West as cosmic justice, but in its original philosophical context in the Bhagavad Gita, it refers simply to the act itself and the principle of acting without attachment to outcomes.
- Sangha / Satsang
- Sanskrit term for the practice of deliberately surrounding oneself with people whose presence and way of living pulls one toward one's highest self; literally 'the company of truth.'
- Triangular theory of love
- Robert Sternberg's framework identifying passion, intimacy, and commitment as the three components of love, finding that passion has the shortest lifespan while commitment sustains durable relationships.
- Bids for connection
- John Gottman's term for the small, daily, often trivial attempts one partner makes to reach toward the other — a joke, a touch, a question; whether these are 'turned toward' or 'turned away from' is the key predictor of relationship survival.
- Narrative identity
- Dan McAdams's concept that each person constructs an evolving life story that integrates past, present, and future to give life meaning; the content of this story predicts psychological wellbeing and resilience.
- Redemption narrative
- McAdams's term for a self-story structure in which difficult chapters are framed as leading to growth, insight, or strength — associated with significantly higher psychological health than contamination narratives.
- Contamination narrative
- McAdams's term for a self-story where a hopeful beginning is ruined or a good thing is destroyed — associated with lower resilience and psychological wellbeing.
- Norepinephrine
- A neurochemical (also a stress hormone) involved in the early intensity of romantic attraction; along with dopamine, it is designed to initiate bonding but naturally declines as a relationship matures.
- Cartography
- The science or practice of map-making; Jay Shetty uses it metaphorically to describe how emotional reactions and triggers can be read as maps to unresolved internal wounds.
- Pervasive
- Spreading widely and affecting all parts of something; used in Seligman's framework to describe the pessimistic explanatory style where a single setback is felt to taint every area of life.